Randomised & Advanced Algorithms
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Randomness, Probability & Algorithms
Randomized algorithms, Las Vegas vs Monte Carlo, QuickSort analysis, indicator variables, and the probability toolkit.
Concentration Bounds, and Tricks
Markov, Chebyshev, Chernoff bounds, and tail inequality techniques for analyzing randomized algorithms.
Balls in Bins
The balls-into-bins model, birthday paradox, coupon collector, load balancing, and power of two choices.
Derandomisation
Method of conditional expectations, pairwise independence, and converting randomized algorithms to deterministic ones.
Graph Algorithms
Karger's Min-Cut, Karger-Stein algorithm, counting minimum cuts, and expected linear-time MST.
🗄️ Hashing and Friends
Hash tables, universal & strongly universal hash families, collision handling (chaining, open addressing, cuckoo hashing), and Bloom filters.
📍 Nearest Neighbours & Dimensionality Reduction
Nearest neighbour problem, Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma for dimensionality reduction, locality-sensitive hashing (LSH), and approximate nearest neighbours.
🌊 Streaming and Sketching I
Streaming algorithms: Misra-Gries frequency estimation, Morris counter for approximate counting, and Tidemark/BJKST for distinct elements.
📊 Streaming and Sketching II
Sketching algorithms, CountSketch with ℓ₂ guarantee, CountMinSketch with ℓ₁ guarantee, turnstile model, and linear sketches.
📈 Linear Programming & Randomised Rounding
LP relaxation, ILP formulation, randomised rounding for Min-Cut, Max-SAT approximation (1/2, 1-1/e, 3/4), and AM-GM inequality.
📊 Learning and Testing Distributions
Total variation distance, learning distributions in O(k/ε²), uniformity testing in O(√k/ε²), collision-based testers, and identity testing.
🧠 Learning from Experts
Expert advice, halving algorithm, multiplicative weights update (MWU), randomised MWU, potential function arguments, and regret bounds.